HomeMy WebLinkAboutRes 2017-02 Accepting the City's Investment PolicyCity of West University Place
Harris County, Texas
RESOLUTION NO. 2017 -02
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WEST
UNIVERSITY PLACE, TEXAS, REVIEWING AND ACCEPTING THE CITY OF
WEST UNIVERSITY PLACE'S INVESTMENT POLICY IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE PUBLIC FUNDS INVESTMENT ACT; ALL MATTERS RELATED
THERETO; AND PROVIDING FOR THE EFFECTIVE DATE THEREOF.
WHEREAS, the City of West University Place, Texas, established policies and procedures
for the investment of funds on March 21, 1988 by Resolution Number 88 -03; and
WHEREAS, in 1995 and 2009 through 2016, the City Council amended the City's Investment
Policy to incorporate amendments according to the Public Funds Investment Act, including improved
management of the City's investments and reflecting any organizational changes; and
WHEREAS, Texas Government Code, Section 2256.005(e) requires that the Investment
Policy shall be made in accordance with written policies approved, at least annually, by the
governing body; and
WHEREAS, investment policies must address safety of principal, liquidity, yield,
diversification and maturity, with primary emphasis on safety of principal; NOW THEREFORE,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WEST UNIVERSITY PLACE,
TEXAS:
Section 1. That the City of West University Place, Texas, has reviewed the City's Investment Policy
and that in Section 2 hereof records any changes made by the City Council to such document.
Section 2. That the City Council of the City of West University Place, Texas, hereby adopts the
changes made in Exhibit A, Exhibit B, and Exhibit C of the West University Place Investment Policy,
which is attached hereto as Attachment - A and incorporated herein for all intents and purposes.
Section 3. This Resolution shall take effect immediately from and after its passage by the City
Council of the City of West University Place, Texas.
INTRODUCED, READ and PASSED, by the affirmative vote of the City Council of the City of West
University,P_! ,mss, this the 13`h day of February, 2017.
S
V
Signed: �ER A. Gilliam, City Secretary an V. Sample, M or
, Lay iwanager
Approved as to legal form:
Alan Petrov, City Attorney
ATTACHMENT — A
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CITY OF WEST UNIVERSITY
PLACE, TEXAS
INVESTMENT POLICY
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
Table of Contents
I. Policy
IL Purpose
III. Scope
IV. General Objectives
A. Safety
B. Liquidity
C. Public Trust
D. Yield
V. Standards of Care
A. Prudence
B. Ethics and Conflicts of Interest
C. Delegation of Authority
D. Training
E. Internal Controls
VI. Safekeeping and Custody
A. Authorized Financial Dealers and Institutions
B. Competitive Bids
C. Delivery vs. Payment
VII. Suitable and Authorized Investments
A. Eligible Investments
B. Collateralization
C. Existing Investments
VIII. Investment Parameters
A. Diversification
B. Maximum Maturities
IX. Investment Strategies
X. Reporting
A. Methods
B. Performance Standards
C. Marking to Market
4A.lt]YII.
A - Authorized Investment Officials
9
B - Statement of Ethics and Conflicts of Interest
10
C — Approved Broker/Dealers, Financial Institutions and Investment Pools
11
D — Certification by Business Organization
12
E — Investment Strategy
13
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
I. Policy
It is the policy of the City of West University Place (the "City ") to administer and
invest its funds in a manner that will preserve the principal and maintain the liquidity
while meeting the daily cash flow requirements of the City. The City will conform to
all federal, state and local statutes, rules and regulations governing the investment of
the City's funds.
The City's policy is to hold investments to maturity; however, securities may be sold
in order to minimize the potential loss of principal on a security whose credit quality
has declined; to swap into another security which would improve the quality, yield or
target duration of the portfolio; or to meet unanticipated liquidity needs of the
portfolio.
Not less than annually, City Council shall adopt a written instrument by resolution
stating that it has reviewed the Investment Policy and investment strategies and that
the written instrument so adopted shall record any changes made to the Investment
Policy or investment strategies.
II. Purpose
The purpose of this policy is to comply with Chapter 2256 of the Texas Government
Code ( "Public Funds Investment Act "), which requires each entity to adopt a written
investment policy regarding the investment of its funds and funds under its control.
The investment policy addresses the methods, procedures and practices that must be
exercised to ensure effective and judicious fiscal management of the entity's funds.
III. Scope
This investment policy applies to all financial assets of the City. These funds are
accounted for in the City's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report and include all
financial assets of all funds managed by the City, including but not limited to tax
revenues, charges for services, bond proceeds, interest income, loans and funds
received by the City where the City performs a custodial function. However, this
policy does not apply to the assets administered for the benefit of the City by outside
agencies under deferred compensation programs or other retirement programs.
The City will consolidate cash balances from all funds to maximize investment
earnings, (except as otherwise required by covenants in bond ordinances, credit
agreements as defined in V.T.C.A, Government Code § 1371.001 or other applicable
regulations). Investment income will be allocated to the various funds based on their
respective participation and in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles.
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
IV. General Objectives
The primary objectives, in priority order, of the City's investment activities shall be
safety, liquidity, and yield:
A. Safety — Safety of the principal is the foremost objective of the investment
program. Investments shall be undertaken in a manner that seeks to
ensure the preservation of capital in the overall portfolio. The objective
will be to minimize credit risk and interest rate risk.
Credit Risk and Concentration of Credit Risk — The City will
minimize credit risk, the risk of loss due to the failure of the
security issuer or backer, and concentration of credit risk, the risk
of loss attributed to the magnitude of investment in a single issuer,
by:
• Limiting investments to the safest types of securities,
• Pre - qualifying the financial institutions, broker /dealers,
intermediaries, and advisers with which the City will do
business, and;
• Diversifying the investment portfolio so that potential losses on
individual securities will be minimized.
ii. Interest Rate Risk — The City will manage the risk that the market
value of securities in the portfolio will fail due to changes in
general interest rates, by:
• Structuring the investment portfolio so that securities mature to
meet cash requirements for ongoing operations, thereby
avoiding the need to sell securities on the open market prior to
maturity,
• Investing operating funds primarily in shorter -term securities,
money market mutual funds, or similar investment pools, and;
• Diversify maturities and stagger purchase dates to minimize the
impact of market movements over time.
B. Liquidity — The investment portfolio shall remain sufficiently liquid to
meet all operating requirements that may be reasonably anticipated. This
is accomplished by structuring the portfolio so that securities mature
concurrent with cash needs to meet anticipated demands. Furthermore,
since all possible cash demands cannot be anticipated, a portion of the
portfolio will be invested in money market mutual funds or local
government investment pools that offer same -day liquidity for short-term
funds. Additionally, a portion of the portfolio will consist of securities
with active secondary or resale markets.
C. Public Trust — All participants in the City's investment process shall seek
to act responsibly as custodians of the public trust. Investment officers
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
shall avoid any transaction that might impair public confidence in the
City's ability to govern effectively.
D. Yield — The investment portfolio shall be designed with the objective of
attaining a market rate of return throughout budgetary and economic
cycles, taking into account the investment risk constraints and liquidity
needs. Return on investment is of secondary importance compared to the
safety and liquidity objectives described above. The core of investments
is limited to relatively low risk securities in anticipation of earning a fair
return relative to the risk being assumed. Securities shall not be sold prior
to maturity with the following exceptions:
• A security with declining credit may be sold early to minimize loss of
principal
• Liquidity needs of the portfolio require that the security be sold
V. Standards of Care
A. Prudence - The standard of prudence to be used by investing officials
shall be the "prudent investor" rule. This rule states that "Investments
shall be made with judgment and care, under circumstances then
prevailing, which persons of prudence, discretion and intelligence exercise
in the management of their own affairs, not for speculation, but for
investment, considering the probable safety of their capital as well as the
probable income to be derived." The determination of whether an
investing official has exercised prudence with respect to an investment
decision shall be applied in the context of managing an overall portfolio
rather than a consideration as to the prudence of a single investment.
Investment officers acting in accordance with written procedures and the
investment policy and exercising due diligence shall be relieved of
personal responsibility for an individual security's credit risk or market
price changes, provided that deviations from expectations are reported in a
timely fashion and appropriate action is taken to control unfavorable
developments.
B. Ethics and Conflicts of Interest - Officers and employees involved in
the investment process shall refrain from personal business activity that
could conflict with proper execution and management of the investment
program, or that could impair their ability to make impartial investment
decisions. Employees and investment officials shall disclose to the City
any material interests in financial institutions that conduct business with
the City. They shall further disclose any personal financial /investment
positions that could be related to the performance of the investment
portfolio. (See Exhibit B.)
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
Furthermore, an investment official who has a personal business
relationship with an organization seeking to sell an investment to the City
shall file a statement disclosing that personal business interest. An
investment official who is related within the second degree by affinity or
consanguinity to an individual seeking to sell an investment to the City
shall file a statement disclosing that relationship. A statement required
under this subsection must be filed with the Texas Ethics Commission and
the City Council.
C. Delegation of Authority - Authority to manage the City's investment
program is granted to the Finance Director, hereinafter referred to as
investment officer, and derived from the following: City Charter Article
VII, Section 7.O1c. Responsibility for the operation of the investment
program is hereby delegated to the investment officer, who shall act in
accordance with established procedures and internal controls for the
operation of the investment program consistent with this investment
policy. This policy includes explicit delegation of authority to persons
responsible for investment transactions. (See Exhibit A) No person may
engage in an investment transaction except as provided under the terns of
this policy and the procedures established by the investment officer. The
investment officer shall be responsible for all transactions undertaken and
shall establish a system of controls to regulate activities of subordinate
officials.
D. Training - Investment officials must complete at least 10 hours of
investment training within 12 months of taking office or assuming duties,
and shall attend an investment training session not less than once in a two
year period and receive not less than 10 hours of instruction relating to
investment responsibilities. The City shall provide the training through
courses and seminars offered by professional organizations and
associations in order to insure the quality and capability of the City's
investment personnel making investment decisions in compliance with
Public Funds Investment Act (PFIA). Professional organizations and
associations that may provide investment training included the
Government Treasurer's Organization of Texas, the University of North
Texas, the Government Finance Officers Association of Texas, or the
Texas Municipal League.
E. Internal Controls - The Finance Director is responsible for establishing
and maintaining an internal control structure designed to ensure that the
assets of the entity are protected from loss, theft, or misuse. The internal
control structure shall be designed to provide reasonable assurance that
these objectives are met. The concept of reasonable assurance recognizes
that (a) the cost of a control should not exceed the benefits likely to be
derived and (b) the valuation of costs and benefits requires estimates and
judgments by management. Therefore, the Finance Director shall
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
establish a process for annual independent review by an external auditor
during the annual audit to assure compliance with policies and procedures.
VI. Safekeeping and Custody
A. Authorized Financial Dealers and Institutions —The investment officer
will maintain a list of financial institutions and security broker /dealers
authorized to provide investment services (Exhibit C) to the City. This list
shall be reviewed, revised as necessary and adopted at least annually. No
public deposit shall be made except in a qualified public depository as
established by state laws.
Those firms that request to become qualified bidders for securities
transactions will be required to provide 1) a completed broker /dealer
questionnaire (Exhibit D) that provides information regarding
creditworthiness, experience and reputation, and 2) a certification stating
the firm has received, read and understood the Entity's investment policy
and agree to comply with the policy. Authorized firms may include primary
dealers or regional dealers that qualify under Securities & Exchange
Commission Rule 150 -1 (Uniform Net Capital Rule), and qualified
depositories. All investment providers, including financial institutions,
banks, money market mutual funds, and local government investment pools,
must sign a certification acknowledging that the organization has received
and reviewed the Entity's investment policy and that reasonable procedures
and controls have been implemented to preclude investment transactions
that are not authorized by the Entity's policy.
B. Competitive Bids — The City's policy requires competitive bidding for all
individual security purchases and sales except for a) transactions with
money market mutual funds and local government investment pools and b)
treasury and agency securities purchased at issue through an approved
broker /dealer or financial institution.
C. Delivery vs. Payment — All trades with the exception of investment pools
and mutual funds will be executed by delivery vs, payment (DVP) to
ensure that securities are deposited in an eligible financial institution prior
to the release of funds. Securities and collateral will be held in the City's
name by a third -party custodian as evidenced by safekeeping receipts of
the institution with which the securities are deposited.
VQ. Suitable and Authorized Investments
A. Eligible Investments — Assets of the City may be invested in the
following instruments described below. All of these investments are
authorized by the Public Funds Investment Act. Only those instruments
listed in this section are authorized.
City of West University Place
Investment Policv
1. Obligations of the United States of America, its agencies and
instrumentalities
2. Certificates of Deposit issued by a depository institution that has its
main office or a branch in Texas. The certificate of deposit must be
guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or
its successor or the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund or its
successor and secured by obligations in a manner and amount as
provided by law. In addition, certificates of deposit obtained through a
depository institution which are fully collateralized under a pledge
agreement approved by the City are authorized investments.
3. No -load Money Market Mutual Funds that 1) are registered and
regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, 2) have a
dollar weighted average stated maturity of 90 days or less, 3) seek to
maintain a net asset value of $1.00 per share and 4) are rated no lower
than AAA or an equivalent rating by at least one nationally recognized
rating service.
4. Local Government Investment Pools, authorized by a separate
resolution, which meet the requirements of Chapter 2256.016 of the
Public Funds Investment Act and are rated no lower than AAA or an
equivalent rating by at least one nationally recognized rating service.
B. Collateralization — Collateralization will be required on all funds on
deposit with a depository bank, other than investments. In order to
anticipate market changes and provide a level of security for all funds, the
collateralization level will be one hundred two percent (102 %) of market
value of principal and accrued interest on the deposits, less an amount
insured by the FDIC.
Securities pledged as collateral will be held in the City's name by an
independent third party with whom the City has a current custodial
agreement. The Finance Director is responsible for entering into
collateralization agreements with third party custodians in compliance
with this Policy. The agreements are to specify the acceptable investment
securities for collateral, including provisions relation to possession f the
collateral, the substitution or release of investment securities, ownership of
securities, and the method of valuation of securities. A clearly marked
evidence of ownership (safekeeping receipt) must be supplied to the City
and retained. Collateral shall be reviewed at least quarterly to assure that
the market value of the pledged securities is adequate.
C. Existing Investments — Any investment currently held that does not meet
the guidelines of this policy, but were authorized investments at the time
of purchase, is not required to be liquidated; however, the City shall take
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
all prudent measures consistent with this Investment Policy to liquidate an
investment that does not or no longer qualifies as an authorized
investment.
VIII. Investment Parameters
A. Diversification — The investments shall be diversified by security type
and institution. With the exception of U.S. Treasuy securities,
Government- sponsored enterprises (GSE's) and authorized pools, the City
will diversify the entire portfolio to comply with the investment strategy;
however, in no case shall any single investment transaction be more than
five- percent (5 %) of the entire portfolio at the time of purchase of the
security.
B. Maximum Maturities — To the extent possible, the City shall attempt to
match its investments with anticipated cash flow requirements. Unless
matched to a specific cash flow, the City will not directly invest in
securities maturing more than three (3) years from the date of purchase.
The composite portfolio will have a weighted average maturity of 365
days or less. This dollar weighted average maturity will be calculated
using the stated final maturity dates of each security.
IX. Investment Strategies
The City maintains separate portfolios for individual funds or groups of funds
that are managed according to the terms of this Policy and the corresponding
investment strategies listed in Exhibit E. The investment strategy for
portfolios established after the annual Investment Policy review and adoption
will be managed in accordance with the terms of this Policy and applicable
agreements until the next annual review when a specific strategy will be
adopted.
The City maintains a pooled fund group that is an aggregation of the majority
of City funds including tax receipts, enterprise fund revenues, fine and fee
revenues, as well as some, but not all, bond proceeds, and grants. This
portfolio is maintained to meet anticipated daily cash needs for City
operations, capital projects and debt service. In order to ensure the ability of
the City to meet obligations and to minimize potential liquidation losses, the
dollar- weighted average stated maturity of the investment portfolio shall not
exceed one (1) year. The objectives of this portfolio are to ensure safety of
principal; ensure adequate investment liquidity; limit market and credit risk
through diversification; and attain the best feasible yield in accordance with
the objectives and restrictions set for in this Policy.
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
X. Reporting
A. Methods — In compliance with the City charter, the investment officer
shall prepare an investment report at least monthly, including a
management summary that provides an analysis of the status of the current
investment portfolio and transactions made over the last month. This
management summary will be prepared in a manner consistent with the
requirements of Section 2256.023 (Internal Management Reports) of the
PFIA, and that will allow the City to ascertain whether investment
activities during the reporting period have conformed to the investment
policy. The report should be provided to the City Council.
An independent auditor shall formally review the reports prepared under
this section at least annually, and that auditor shall report instances of non-
compliance to City Council in the annual audit management letter.
B. Performance Standards — The investment portfolio shall be managed in
accordance with the objectives specified in this policy (safety, liquidity,
and yield). The portfolio should obtain a market average rate of return
during a market/economic environment of stable interest rates. The
investment officer shall determine whether market yields are being
achieved by comparing the portfolio market yield to the three (3) month
U.S. Treasury Bill, the six (6) month U.S. Treasury Bill and the two (2)
year U.S. Treasury Note.
C. Marking to Market — The market value of the portfolio shall be
calculated at least monthly and a statement of the market value of the
portfolio shall be issued at least monthly. The market value of each
investment shall be obtained from a source such as the Wall Street
Journal, a reputable brokerage firm or security pricing service and
reported on the investment reports.
City of West University Place
Investment Policv
EXHIBIT A
City of West University Place
Authorized Investment Officials
,finance Director
,Treasurer
Controller
Deleted: 9
I
Rhonda Daugherty, CPA,
Deleted: Rene. Dobbs,
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
EXHIBIT B
City of West University Place
Statement of Ethics and Conflicts of Interest
Investment officials for the City of West University Place shall retain from personal business
relationships with business organizations that could conflict with the proper execution of the
investment program, or which could impair their ability to make partial investment decisions.
This would only apply to personal business relationships with business organizations that have
been approved by City Council to conduct investment transactions with the City of West
University Place.
An investment official is considered to have a personal business relationship with a
business organization if:
(1) The investment official owns 10 percent or more of the voting stock or shares of
the business organization or owns $5,000 or more of the fair market value of the
business.
(2) Funds received by the investment official from the business organization exceed
10 percent of the investment official's gross income for the previous year.
(3) The investment official has acquired from the business organization during the
previous year investments with a book value of $2,500 or more for the personal
account of the investment official.
I do hereby certify that I do not have a personal business relationship with any business
organization approved to conduct investment transactions with the City of West University Place,
nor am 1 related within the second degree by affinity or consanguinity, as determined under
Chapter 573, to an individual seeking to sell an investment to the City of West University Place
as of the date of this statement.
City of West University Place
Investment Officials
Finance Director
treasurer Date
10
Deleted: Rhonda Daugherty, CPA,
Deleted: Rmea Dobbs,
City of West University Place
Investment Policv
EXHIBIT C
City of West University Place
Approved Broker/Dealers, Financial Institutions and Investment Pools
Broker /Dealers
Coastal Securities
jlilltoo Securities (formerly "First Southwest Company ") Deleted: Fir45outhww Company
Public Depositories
JP Morgan Chase, NA (Primary)
Investment Pools
TexPool
11
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
EXHIBIT D
City of West University Place
Certification by Business Organization
date
City of West University Place, Texas
(Attn: Designated Investment official)
3800 University Blvd.
West University Place, TX 77005
Dear Mr /s. (investment official):
This certification is executed on behalf of the City of West University Place, Texas (the Investor)
and (the Business Organization),
pursuant to the Public Funds Investment Act, Chapter 2256, Texas Government Code, (the Act)
in connection with investment transactions conducted between the Investor and Business
Organization.
The undersigned Registered Principal of the Business Organization hereby certifies on behalf of
the Business Organization that:
1. The undersigned is a Registered Principal of the Business Organization offering to enter an
investment transaction with the Investor (Note: as such terms are used in the Public Funds
Investment Act, chapter 2256, Texas Local Government Code) and;
2. The Registered Principal of the Business Organization has received and reviewed the
Investment Policy furnished by the Investor and;
3. The Registered Principal of the Business Organization has implemented reasonable
procedures and controls in an effort to preclude investment transactions conducted between
the Business Organization and the Investor that are not authorized by the Investor's
investment policy, except to the extent that this authorization is dependent on an analysis of
the makeup of the investor's entire portfolio or requires and interpretation of the subjective
investment standards.
Registered Principal Broker Assigned to the Account
Signed By:
Printed Name
Title
Date
12
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
EXHIBIT E
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
The City of West University's investment portfolio will be designed and managed to
ensure that it will meet all the requirements established by the City of West University's
investment policy and the Public Funds Investment Act. The overall investment strategy
outlined in the investment policy has been further refined in this investment strategy
statement by the following fund types.
Operating Funds:
Operating Funds generally have greater cash flow needs than other funds types.
The operating fund portfolio may consist of any approved investment type with
the understanding that the financial requirements of the operating funds will
dictate the maturity dates of the investment. At utmost importance is the
preservation and safety of the investment principal.
Additionally each investment will be viewed for its liquidity and marketability of
the investment if the need arises to liquidate the investment before maturity. The
final determining factors for the investment strategy will be the diversification of
the investment portfolio and the yield of the investment.
To achieve short-term needs of one (1) to one hundred and eighty (180) days,
funds will be invested in approved investment pools. For longer -term needs of six
(6) months to five (5) years, funds will be invested in approved investments with
objectives prioritized as follows:
1) understanding the suitability of the investment to the financial
requirements of the City of West University Place;
2) preservation and safety of principal;
3) liquidity;
4) marketability of the investment if the need arises to liquidate the
investment before maturity;
5) diversification of the investment portfolio; and
6) yield.
13
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
INVESTMENT STRATEGY (Continued)
Debt Service Funds:
The debt service requirements are usually semi - annual, thus allowing the
investment strategy to mirror debt obligation payment dates. The strategy for
debt service funds allows greater flexibility since the actual requirements are
known into the future. Investments will still meet the adopted policies; however,
planning maturity dates to match debt requirement dates will be the primary
objective.
The investment instruments will be primarily in approved investment types with
maturities at six or twelve months established to match debt requirement dates.
Shorter -term investment may be used to meet these objectives and longer -term
investments may be used when fund balance reserves exceed one year's debt
service requirements.
To achieve this strategy the following objectives are prioritized to evaluate
investment opportunities:
1) understanding the suitability of the investment to the financial
requirements of the City of West University Place;
2) preservation and safety of principal;
3) yield;
4) marketability of the investment if the need arises to liquidate the
investment before maturity;
5) diversification of the investment portfolio; and
6) liquidity.
14
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
INVESTMENT STRATEGY (Continued)
Capital Improvement Funds:
Bond proceeds can be invested over the life of the project; however, the exact
disbursement of the funds is not always known. The investment objective of the
capital improvement funds is to schedule maturities to maximize investment
earnings while preserving principle. The key to an effective strategy is to be
aware of the project needs and match maturities to the period funds are needed.
The investment objective for capital projects funds is still to match investment
maturities with funding needs. As short-tens needs are recognized investment
maturities will be moved into approved investment pools to meet financial
requirements. Longer -term needs will be invested with the following objectives
as prioritized for capital improvement funds:
1) understanding the suitability of the investment to the financial
requirements of the City of West University Place;
2) preservation and safety of principal;
3) diversification of the investment portfolio;
4) yield;
5) liquidity; and
6) marketability of the investment if the need arises to liquidate the
investment before maturity.
15
City of West University Place
Investment Policy
INVESTMENT STRATEGY (Continued)
Reserve Funds:
Certain reserve funds have been established as required by bond covenants. The
investment objective is to invest reserve funds to the extent that maturities are
established to the limit of the investment policy or to the end of the bond
requirements whichever is shorter.
The overall investment strategy for reserve funds will not rely on investment
pools; however, the use of pools is not prohibited. Longer -term investment
objectives are prioritized as follows:
1) understanding the suitability of the investment to the financial
requirements of the City of West University Place;
2) diversification of the investment portfolio;
3) preservation and safety of principal;
4) yield;
5) liquidity; and
6) marketability of the investment if the need arises to liquidate the
investment before maturity.
16